The application of marriage law equally to same-sex and opposite-sex couples (called marriage equality) has varied by jurisdiction, and has come about through legislative change to marriage law, court rulings based on constitutional guarantees of equality, recognition that marriage of same-sex couples is allowed by existing marriage law, and by direct popular vote (via referendums and initiatives). In the modern era, marriage equality for same-sex couples was first legally acknowledged in the continental Netherlands on 1 April 2001. There are records of marriage between men dating back to the first century. In six of the former and most of the latter, homosexuality itself is criminalized. Some other countries have constitutionally mandated Islamic law, which is generally interpreted as prohibiting marriage between same-sex couples. In contrast, 34 countries (as of 2021) have definitions of marriage in their constitutions that prevent marriage between couples of the same sex, most enacted in recent decades as a preventative measure. Adoption rights are not necessarily covered, though most states with same-sex marriage allow those couples to jointly adopt. As of 2022, marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 30 countries (nationwide or in some jurisdictions) with the most recent being Chile on 10 March 2022 and Switzerland starting 1 July 2022. Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same sex or gender. Two men marry, surrounded by wedding party, in New Orleans, United States on 11 November 2017
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Foreign same-sex spouses are eligible for a "Non-Tourist Visa" as a dependent.
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Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or some tribal nations.Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed. Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands.Performed statewide in 25 of 31 states and in Mexico City, in certain municipalities in one other state, and recognized by all states in such cases.